The Ultimate Guide to Catch and Release Fishing

Catch and release fishing is more than just a hobby—it’s a conservation-minded way to enjoy angling while protecting fish populations for the future. Whether you're fishing on a lake, a river, or from a boat, this method allows you to enjoy the thrill of the catch while letting the fish live to fight another day. In this guide, we’ll break down what catch and release fishing is, how to do it properly, and address common questions like “do you need a fishing license for catch and release?” and “is catch and release bad for fish?”.

What is Catch and Release?

Catch and release fishing, sometimes written as catch & release fishing or catch release fishing, is a method where anglers intentionally return fish to the water after catching them. The goal is to minimize harm and support sustainable fishing practices.

This technique became popular among sport fishers and conservationists who want to preserve fish populations and aquatic ecosystems. Instead of taking fish home, anglers focus on the experience—and the satisfaction of protecting wildlife.

Catch and release is common in fly fishing, bass tournaments, and areas with strict fishing regulations. In many regions, it’s required by law for endangered or spawning species.

Do you need a fishing license for catch and release?

Yes, in most places, even if you’re only catching and releasing fish, you still need a valid fishing license. Regulations vary by state or country, so always check local laws before you head out. For example, many U.S. states require a license even if you never keep a fish.

Can you catch and release fish out of season?

This depends on local regulations. In some areas, catch and release fishing may be allowed out of season, especially for certain species. However, other regions close the season entirely to protect spawning fish, even for catch and release. Always check the rules to avoid fines and protect fish health.

The Importance of Catch and Release

Practicing catch & release fishing helps preserve fisheries for future generations. By carefully releasing fish, anglers reduce overfishing and support natural reproduction cycles. This is especially crucial in heavily fished waters or for slow-growing species like trout or muskellunge.

However, poor handling can harm fish, even if they're released. That’s why learning how to catch and release fish properly is essential.

Choosing the Right Gear

Your gear plays a big role in protecting fish. Start by using barbless hooks or crimping barbs to make release easier and reduce injury. Use tackle suited for the species you’re targeting—lighter tackle may extend the fight and exhaust the fish, increasing stress.

Catch and release fishing nets are another must-have. Opt for rubber or knotless nets that are gentle on fish scales and slime coating. Avoid abrasive mesh that can injure the fish.

How to Catch and Release Fish

Mastering proper techniques is key to successful catching and releasing fish. These tips are based on best practices from experts like NOAA Fisheries and Discover Boating.

1. Prepare Before the Catch

• Know the rules for the species and area you're fishing in

• Have tools ready: pliers, scissors, catch and release fishing nets, and a camera (if you want a photo)

• Fish during cooler parts of the day, as warm water holds less oxygen and can stress fish

2. Land the Fish Quickly

• Use the right rod and reel to avoid exhausting the fish

• Minimize fight time to reduce stress

3. Handle with Wet Hands or Gloves

• Wet your hands before touching the fish to protect its slime layer

• Avoid squeezing the fish or placing fingers in gills

• Hold the fish horizontally to support its body

4. Remove the Hook Gently

• Use needle-nose pliers or hemostats

• If the hook is deeply embedded, cut the line rather than removing it

• Barbless hooks make this much easier and safer

5. Revive and Release the Fish

• Hold the fish upright in the water, facing into the current or moving it slowly to pass water over the gills

• Wait for the fish to kick away before letting go

• Avoid tossing the fish back—this can cause injury

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even with good intentions, many anglers make simple mistakes that can harm fish. Avoid these common errors:

• Keeping fish out of water too long (more than 10-15 seconds)

• Using dry hands or rough surfaces like rocks or boat decks

• Fighting fish to exhaustion

• Fishing during extreme heat

Is Catch and Release Bad for Fish?

Is catch and release bad for fish? The answer depends on how it's done. If fish are handled properly and released quickly, most survive and recover fully. Studies show survival rates of 85-95% for many freshwater species when best practices are used.

However, mishandling can lead to injury or delayed death. That’s why understanding the right techniques and using proper equipment—like catch and release fishing nets—matters so much.

Tips by Species

Some species are more sensitive than others. For example:

• Trout are delicate and prone to stress in warm water

• Bass are hardy but can be injured if held vertically by the jaw

• Pike and muskie require larger nets and more support due to their size

Research the species you're targeting and adjust your approach accordingly.

Your Role in Conservation

As an angler, you play a crucial role in preserving aquatic ecosystems. Practicing catch and release fishing helps ensure that future generations can enjoy the same waters.

Support conservation organizations, follow local fishing regulations, and share your knowledge with other anglers. When you fish responsibly, you’re part of the solution.

Conclusion

Catch & release fishing is more than just letting fish go—it's about understanding your impact and making smart choices on the water. From selecting the right gear to using proper handling techniques, every detail matters.

So the next time someone asks, “how to catch and release fish?”, you’ll know what to do—and why it’s important.